Sector ETFs vs Broad Market ETFs
Broad market ETFs spread money across a whole index; sector ETFs focus on one industry. How they differ in risk, cost and use, and when each one fits.
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CFD education by market group.
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Russell 2000 vs S&P 500: Why Small Caps Behave Differently
The Russell 2000 tracks US small caps; the S&P 500 large caps. Why small caps are more sensitive to rates, credit and the domestic economy, compared.
What Is a Safe-Haven Currency?
Safe-haven currencies such as the US dollar, yen and Swiss franc tend to rise when markets panic. Why they attract money in stress and when they fail to.
S&P 500 vs Nasdaq 100: Why They Move Differently
The S&P 500 spans every sector; the Nasdaq 100 holds 100 non-financial firms, about 60% tech. Why their moves differ and why they have converged.
Risk-On vs Risk-Off: How Currencies React
In risk-on markets, higher-yielding and commodity currencies tend to gain; in risk-off, the dollar, yen and franc tend to rise. How currencies sort into each.
Revenue vs Earnings: Which Moves a Stock More?
Revenue shows demand; earnings show profit after costs. Growth stocks are judged on revenue, mature ones on earnings. Which moves a stock more, compared.
How to Calculate a Real Yield
Real yield = nominal − inflation, or (1 + nominal) ÷ (1 + inflation) − 1. A 4.2% bond with 3% inflation yields about 1.17% real. How to calculate and read it.
What Is Purchasing Power Parity?
Purchasing power parity says exchange rates should move toward levels that equalize prices. How PPP works, what the 2026 Big Mac index showed and its limits.
How to Calculate Gross, Operating and Net Margin
Gross, operating and net margin each divide a profit line by revenue. A worked example gives 40%, 15% and 9.75%, and what each margin tells you.
Price-Weighted vs Market-Cap-Weighted Indices
Price-weighted indices like the Dow give high-priced stocks more say; cap-weighted ones like the S&P 500 favor the largest firms. How each one works.
What Caused the 2016 Pound Flash Crash?
On October 7, 2016, sterling fell about 6% in two minutes of early Asian trading. What happened, what the BIS found about liquidity and algorithms, the lessons.
What Was the Plaza Accord and Why Does It Still Come Up?
In September 1985, five major economies agreed to push the dollar down, and it fell about 40% in two years. What the Plaza Accord did and why it is still cited.