Leverage Limits in the EU, UK and Australia Compared
Retail CFD leverage is capped at 30:1 for major currency pairs and 2:1 for crypto in the EU and Australia; the UK banned crypto derivatives. How they compare.
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Why Global Markets Watch Japan’s Bond Market
Japanese investors hold over $3 trillion abroad and are the top foreign owners of US Treasuries. Why rising Japanese yields can move global bonds and the yen.
Inflation Surprise vs Inflation Trend: Which Moves Markets More?
On release day, the surprise versus forecasts moves prices; over months, the trend drives central banks and markets. How to read inflation data both ways.
How Market Makers Make Money
Market makers quote buy and sell prices and earn the spread, plus rebates and order-flow deals, while managing inventory risk. How the business works.
How High-Frequency Trading Changed Spreads
Decimal prices and electronic markets let high-frequency traders compete on speed, narrowing spreads but raising new risks. A timeline from 2000 to today.
What the GENIUS Act Means for Stablecoin Users
The GENIUS Act, signed in July 2025, requires US payment stablecoins to hold one-to-one reserves, report monthly and pay no interest. What changes for users.
How Fiscal Deficits Affect Rates, Currencies and Stocks
Large deficits can push up bond yields, weaken a currency and unsettle stocks when markets doubt a government's plans. The UK in 2022 and US downgrades.
How ETFs Changed Price Discovery
ETFs trade all day even when their holdings barely trade, so ETF prices often lead. How creation and redemption work and what bond ETFs showed in 2020.
What ESMA’s 2018 CFD Rules Changed for Retail Traders
From August 2018, EU retail CFD traders faced leverage caps, a 50% margin close-out, negative balance protection and standard risk warnings. What changed.
How Energy Shocks Travel Through Inflation, Rates and Currencies
An energy price spike lifts inflation, pushes central banks to tighten and moves currencies. How the 1973 and 2022 shocks spread through markets.
Emerging Market vs Developed Market Stocks
Emerging market stocks outperformed in the 2000s, lagged for most of the 2010s and rebounded in 2025. Compare growth, risks, the role of the dollar and China.
How Stock Markets Have Behaved in US Election Years
How the S&P 500 has performed in US presidential election years since 1928, when volatility tends to rise around the vote and why the pattern is a weak guide.