What Happened in the Ronin Bridge Hack?
In March 2022, attackers took over five of nine Ronin validator keys and stole about $620M in ETH and USDC. How it happened and what changed.
Research · Learn Crypto
Learn Crypto
Crypto education and research.
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What Is Web3?
Web3 means internet services built on blockchains, where users hold their own assets and identity. How it differs from Web2, uses and limits.
What Happens When All 21 Million Bitcoin Are Mined?
The last BTC is due around 2140, and the real cap is just under 21 million. Here is what changes for miners, fees and network security after that.
Bitcoin Address Types: Legacy, SegWit and Taproot
Bitcoin addresses starting with 1, 3, bc1q and bc1p are different types. See what each means, how they affect fees and which ones your wallet can send to.
What Happened on Black Thursday, Bitcoin’s March 2020 Crash?
On March 12–13, 2020, Bitcoin fell roughly 50% in about a day. Here is how leverage, thin order books and a DeFi auction failure turned a sell-off into a crash.
What Was the Bitcoin Block Size War?
The Bitcoin block size war ended in 2017 with SegWit, the Bitcoin Cash split and a cancelled 2x hard fork. Here is the timeline and what it settled.
What Happened to Bitcoin After Each Halving?
Bitcoin halving history from 2012 to 2024: the price at each halving, the next cycle high, how long it took, and why four cycles are too few to call a rule.
What Is the Bitcoin Halving?
The Bitcoin halving cuts the block subsidy in half every 210,000 blocks. See every halving date, what changes for miners and when the next one is due.
What Is Bitcoin Hash Rate?
Bitcoin hash rate is the computing power securing the network. Learn the units, how it is estimated from difficulty, and what it does and doesn't tell you.
What Is Bitcoin Mining Difficulty?
Bitcoin mining difficulty resets every 2,016 blocks to keep blocks near 10 minutes. See the formula, the 4x limit and a worked adjustment example.
How to Estimate Bitcoin Mining Profitability
Estimate Bitcoin mining profitability with one formula: your share of hash rate, block rewards, BTC price, pool fees and power cost, with a worked example.
How Does Bitcoin Mining Work?
Bitcoin mining explained: how miners build blocks, race to hash below the target, get paid in new BTC and fees, and why nodes can reject their work.